edexcel a level biology cystic fibrosisyolink hub

A-Level Molecules & Cells, Cystic fibrosis Essays available here at Marked By Teachers. ; Rao, J.R.; Moore, J.E. Due to the detail included in each of these lessons, it is estimated that it will take in excess of 2 months of allocated teaching time to cover the content. J. Mol. ; Coler, R.N. ; Chan, B.K. Unbeatable support throughout the qualification. ; Britigan, B.E. ; Li, C.; Szeto, F.L. Anversa Dimer, F.; de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz, C.; Goes, A.; Cirnski, K.; Herrmann, J.; Schmitt, V.; Patzold, L.; Abed, N.; De Rossi, C.; Bischoff, M.; et al. ; De Santis, F.; Henrici De Angelis, L.; Ciciriello, F.; DAndrea, M.M. Dickey, S.W. A bundle is a package of resources grouped together to teach a particular topic, or a series of lessons, in one place. Cystic Fibrosis is caused by a single faulty gene that controls the movement of salt in the body [4].Symptoms of Cystic FibrosisLungsIn a healthy person, there is a constant flow of mucus over the surfaces of the air passages in the lungs. Combined host- and pathogen-directed therapy for the control of. Cystic Fibrosis is UKs most common life threatening inherited disease [1]. For all these reasons, the identification of new therapeutic strategies that can support or refine the scarce antibiotic options available today is an imperative issue to be addressed. Naomi especially enjoys creating resources that enable students to build a solid understanding of subject content, while also connecting their knowledge with biologys exciting, real-world applications. CF is a multi-organ disease affecting organs such as the pancreas, liver, reproductive tract, and lungs [, In addition to the respiratory symptoms, CF is often associated with pancreatic insufficiency, which results in defective digestion, diarrhoea, malabsorption, growth retardation in children, and poor nutritional status in adults [, The life span of CF individuals mainly depends on the evolution of the lung disease [. Less than half the price of our monthly plan. Due to the detailed content of this lesson, it is estimated that it will take in excess of 3 hours of allocated A-level teaching time to cover. 2.14 Understand how the expression of a gene mutation in people with cystic fibrosis impairs the functioning of the gaseous exchange, digestive and reproductive systems. ; Rimkus, M.; Montgomery, F.; Lucas da Silva, J.; et al. When the CFTR protein is defective, epithelial cells can't regulate the way chloride passes across cell membranes. sign up for updates, or to let us know that Cystic fibrosis is classified according to the effect of the mutation on the CFTR protein. 6.17: Know how DNA can be amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Normally, mucus in the lungs traps germs, which are then cleared out of the lungs. * Errors in DNA replication give rise to mutations - Further stress if other genetic abnormalities found Cell Structure, Reproduction & Development, 3.4 The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum & Golgi, 3.7 Microscopy: Magnification & Resolution, 3.15 Core Practical 6: Observing the Stages of Mitosis, 3.19 Post-Transcriptional Changes to mRNA, 3.21 Polygenic Inheritance & Continuous Variation, 4. * The primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins But in CF, the thick, sticky mucus and the germs it has trapped remain in the lungs, and the lungs become infected. Bentur, L.; Gur, M.; Ashkenazi, M.; Livnat-Levanon, G.; Mizrahi, M.; Tal, A.; Ghaffari, A.; Geffen, Y.; Aviram, M.; Efrati, O. * The meaning of key genetic terms ; Aksamit, T.; Brown-Elliott, B.A. Nanoniosomes were not effective in vitro against, In conclusion, even if nanomedicine is a powerful tool used to successfully treat many diseases, only a few studies have been established to treat. This case study is about Cystic Fibrosis is abortion of a cystic fibrosis child ethical. Edexcel A-Level Biology alevelbiology.co.uk Topic 2: Genes and Health SPECIFICATION . ; supervision, M.R.P. Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: An official ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA clinical practice guideline. ; Barnes, P.J. ; Rose, T.; Keersebilck, E.; Soete, O.; Francois, P.M.; Teodorescu, S.; Verween, G.; et al. However, while humans have long benefited from antimicrobials, mechanisms of resistance to classical antimicrobials have emerged and spread among bacteria [, Hence, antivirulence therapy (AVT) consists of the use of drugs targeting pathways important for pathogenesis but not essential for microbial growth [, Selective pressure is not a consequence of the AVT approach, as it aims to prevent attacks on the host rather than eliminate pathogens. ; Ivanova, K.; Tang, W.L. ; Silva, L.P.; Mortari, M.R. Some of the key biological topics are covered in topic 2 of the Pearson Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters Nuffield) course and include the transport of materials across cell membranes, DNA structure and replication, protein synthesis and monohybrid inheritance. Deppisch, C.; Herrmann, G.; Graepler-Mainka, U.; Wirtz, H.; Heyder, S.; Engel, C.; Marschal, M.; Miller, C.C. Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis Lungs In a healthy person, there is a constant flow of mucus over the surfaces of the air passages in the lungs. A study conducted by Jimnez-Arellanes et al. Conditions. Students should be encouraged to carry out a range of practical experiments related to this topic in order to develop their practical skills. it could form part of an enzyme or a membrane transport protein, Because cystic fibrosis is determined by a, Mucus in the respiratory system is a necessary part of keeping the lungs healthy, It prevents infection by trapping microorganisms, This mucus is moved out of the respiratory tract by cilia, In people with cystic fibrosis, due to the faulty chloride ion channels, the, This means microorganisms are not efficiently removed from the lungs and lung infections occur more frequently, Thick mucus in the digestive system can cause issues because, Digestion of some food may be reduced and therefore, Mucus is normally secreted in the reproductive system to prevent infection and regulate the progress of sperm through the reproductive tract after sexual intercourse, The mucus in people with cystic fibrosis can cause issues in both men and women. ; Roquet-Banres, F.; Herrmann, J.L. If there. ; Lutfalla, G.; Kremer, L. Wang, C.H. Use of bacteriophages in the treatment of colistin-only-sensitive, Schooley, R.T.; Biswas, B.; Gill, J.J.; Hernandez-Morales, A.; Lancaster, J.; Lessor, L.; Barr, J.J.; Reed, S.L. you would like to teach this qualification. ; Wirth, D.M. In a healthy person, there is a constant flow of mucus over the surfaces of the air passages in the lungs. First assessment: 2017. ; Silva, T. Looking beyond typical treatments for atypical mycobacteria. Not ready to purchase the revision kit yet? Dubois, V.; Pawlik, A.; Bories, A.; Le Moigne, V.; Sismeiro, O.; Legendre, R.; Varet, H.; Rodriguez-Ordonez, M.D.P. - Informed decision of whether to carry out prenatal testing, - Emotional stress and affect ability to find a partner Please let us know what you think of our products and services. connective tissue, identification of abnormal alleles of a gene in the DNA, identification of an allele in an embryo / foetus, - Higher concentration of salt in sweat This lesson bundle contains 16 lessons which have been designed to cover the Pearson Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters Nuffield) specification points which focus on the structure of DNA and RNA, their roles in replication and protein synthesis, and genetics and inheritance. * Enzymes are biological catalysts that reduce activation energy * The basic structure of an amino acid This leads into the section of the lesson which considers the inheritance of cystic fibrosis in an autosomal recessive manner and then focuses on the change in the primary structure of the channel which results from one of over 1500 different gene mutations. 2.11: Understand the nature of the genetic code at 7-9 weeks If you have cystic fibrosis, this mucus is excessively thick and sticky and cannot perform this role properly. ; project administration, M.R.P. * The involvement of ATP and carrier proteins in active transport, endocytosis and exocytosis I am constantly thinking of new ways to engage a student with a topic and try to implement that in the design of the lessons. CFTR transports chloride ions (Cl-) ions across the membranes of cells in the lungs, liver, pancreas, digestive tract, reproductive tract, and skin. These enzymes break down the fat.If you have cystic fibrosis, the pancreas does not produce enzymes. ; Ogbonna, D.; Ferro, B.E. Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and antimycobacterial activity of, Jimenez-Arellanes, A.; Luna-Herrera, J.; Ruiz-Nicolas, R.; Cornejo-Garrido, J.; Tapia, A.; Yepez-Mulia, L. Antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activities of, Sirichoat, A.; Kham-Ngam, I.; Kaewprasert, O.; Ananta, P.; Wisetsai, A.; Lekphrom, R.; Faksri, K. Assessment of antimycobacterial activities of pure compounds extracted from Thai medicinal plants against clarithromycin-resistant. 7 Cystic fibrosis is a life-threatening condition that can affect many different parts of the body. * The nature of the genetic code Something went wrong, please try again later. The current therapeutic regimens are not very effective and are mostly based on repurposed drugs used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Castellani, C.; Assael, B.M. The mucus becomes thick, sticky, and hard to move. - DNA fragments in the mothers blood plasma and detects cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) and analysed Prepare for GCSE Biology examinations. ; Truppa, C.; Camiciottoli, G.; Frilli, M.L. * The process of transcription and translation Cystic fibrosis is a Genetic Disease, this means its inherited from there parents. ; Zelazny, A.M. Antimicrobial peptides against drug resistant, Trentini, M.M. Gibson, L.E. Finally, AMR can also be induced by the need for long periods of treatment to reach the effective circulating dose, with an inevitable increase in side effects [, To fight the antimicrobial-resistant and emerging pathogen, Nitric oxide (NO), a highly reactive vaso- and broncho-dilator molecule is part of the natural defence mechanism of the immune system [, Endogenous NO is formed by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) using L-arginine as a precursor [, It is noteworthy that CF individuals are characterised in the lungs by a low NO production [, Other preclinical studies have observed a broad-spectrum antibacterial function after the administration of gaseous NO at a high dose (160 p.p.m.) Cystic fibrosis makes peoples lifes harder because it not curable at the moment, you can use medication to stop the pain of Cystic Fibrosis. It follows that the level of knowledge required to understand the mechanism of action of VFs in the pathogenesis process must be high, whereas in many cases this knowledge is lacking. 2.15 (ii): Understand patterns of inheritance, including the interpretation of genetic pedigree diagrams, in the context of monohybrid inheritance Available online: OSullivan, B.P. ), are all examples of nanomedicine tools, powerful drug delivery systems with the advantages of high efficiency and specificity and a sustained drug release over time at the target site. With normal CFTR, once the protein is synthesized, it is transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus for additional processing before being integrated into the cell membrane. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. Antibiotics to kill bacteria. Sci. Phage Therapy: A Renewed Approach to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. * Understanding the pattern of monohybrid inheritance Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder of cell membranes It results in the body producing large amounts of thick, sticky mucus in the air passages Over time, this may damage the lungs and stop them from working properly Cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele ( f) This means: -Stressful and expensive What type of allele causes cystic fibrosis? Daley, C.L. Signup as a free member below and you'll be brought back to this page to try the sample materials before you buy. 2.9 (i): Know the basic structure of mononucleotides (deoxyribose or ribose linked to a phosphate and a base, including thymine, uracil, adenine, cytosine or guanine) and the structures of DNA and RNA (polynucleotides composed of mononucleotides linked by condensation reactions to form phosphodiester bonds) * Adaptations of the mammalian lung for rapid gaseous exchange 2.6 (i): Understand the process of protein synthesis (transcription) including the role of RNA polymerase, translation, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomes and the role of start and stop codons ; Riabova, O.; Makarov, V.; Pasca, M.R. ; Herrmann, J.L. 6.4: Know how DNA can be amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Grasemann, H.; Grasemann, C.; Kurtz, F.; Tietze-Schillings, G.; Vester, U.; Ratjen, F. Oral L-arginine supplementation in cystic fibrosis patients: A placebo-controlled study. Judson, I.; Radford, J.A. ; Davidson, R.M. . We are very short of teaching time so I will abbreviate it but still keep the logical steps which are very well put. Hypoxia contributes to the exaggerated yet ineffective airway inflammation that fails to oppose infections in cystic fibrosis (CF). All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. - Tests not 100% accurate - false result ; et al. St Pauls Place, Norfolk Street, Sheffield, S1 2JE. ; Deriy, L.V. ; van Hoesel, Q.; le Cesne, A.; van Oosterom, A.T.; Clemons, M.J.; Kamby, C.; Hermans, C.; et al. What happens if there is too little water in an unaffected person's airways? 2.13 (i): understand the process of protein synthesis (transcription and translation), including the role of RNA polymerase, translation, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomes and the role of start and stop codons Review of CFTR modulators 2020. * The role of channel and carrier proteins in membrane transport those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). ; Anggard, E.E. The table below shows two of these classes and their effects on the CFTR protein. 1) Chloride ions are pumped into the epithelial cell causing a concentration gradient and the CFTR channel protein opens. Antimicrobial properties of, Bogdanovski, K.; Chau, T.; Robinson, C.J. Meir, M.; Barkan, D. Alternative and experimental therapies of. It gets its name from a fibrous cyst that appears in the pancreas. As you can see numbers rise and fall. 2.12 (i): Understand how errors in DNA replication can give rise to mutations 3.14 (i): Phenotype is an interaction between genotype and the environment Li, B.; Zhang, Y.; Guo, Q.; He, S.; Fan, J.; Xu, L.; Zhang, Z.; Wu, W.; Chu, H. Antibacterial peptide RP557 increases the antibiotic sensitivity of, da Silva, J.L. The topic also allows for discussion of the social and ethical issues surrounding the genetic screening for genetic conditions. This leads into the section of the lesson which considers the inheritance of cystic fibrosis in an autosomal recessive manner and then focuses on the change in the primary structure of the channel which results from one of over 1500 different gene mutations. They have no symptoms of CF this happens only when there are CF mutations on both number 7 chromosomes (see diagram). * The mechanism of action and specificity of enzymes Physics Aqa Empa 2018 Paper corgov de. * The structure and properties of cell membranes registered in England (Company No 02017289) with its registered office at Building 3, Edexcel A Level Biology 2d - Cystic Fibrosis. Bar-Oz, M.; Meir, M.; Barkan, D. Virulence-associated secretion in, Briken, V.; Miller, J.L. ; Veloci, S.; Pistolesi, M.; Rossolini, G.M. However, the use of phages in clinical therapy presents some potential challenges. https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. ; Horsburgh, R.; Huitt, G.; Iademarco, M.F. Antimicrobial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Concepts and controversies. 2.13 (ii): Understand the roles of the DNA template (antisense) strand in transcription, codons on messenger RNA and anticodons on transfer RNA It affects organs in the body, particularly the lungs and digestive system, which become clogged with sticky mucus, making it difficult to breathe and digest food. A-level Biology focuses on providing students, tutors and teachers with detailed revision materials for A-Level Biology. In fact, CFTR genetic variants can generate a great clinical heterogeneity with different manifestations of the disease, especially in the lungs, which consequently results in different treatments and cures throughout the persons life. Bernut, A.; Nguyen-Chi, M.; Halloum, I.; Herrmann, J.L. It affects about 1 person in 2000. Energy Flow, Ecosystems & the Environment, 5.3 Photosynthesis: Light-Dependent Stage, 5.4 Photosynthesis: Light-Independent Stage, 5.7 Separation of Photosynthetic Pigments with Chromatography, 5.8 Core Practical 10: Rate of Photosynthesis, 5.14 Core Practical 11: Quadrat & Transect Study, 5.18 Carbon Cycle & Environmental Management, 5.19 Models for Predicting Climate Change, 5.21 The Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Reactions, 5.22 Core Practical 12: Effect of Temperature on Development, 5.23 Mutation, Natural Selection & Evolution, 5.25 Contentious Issues in Environmental Science, 5.26 Examples of Sustainable Conservation, 6.2 Measuring the Growth of Microorganisms, 6.4 Core Practical 13: Rate of Growth of Microorganisms, 6.5 Comparison of Bacterial & Viral Structure, 6.12 Pathogens vs Hosts: An Evolutionary Race, 6.14 Core Practical 14: The Effects of Different Antibiotics, 6.20 Types of Data Provided by Forensic Analysis, 7. 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Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections phage therapy: a Renewed Approach to Combat Bacteria! The use of phages in clinical therapy presents some potential challenges Looking beyond typical treatments for mycobacteria! Into the epithelial cell causing a concentration gradient and the CFTR protein is defective, epithelial Cells n't! Therapy presents some potential challenges protein is defective, epithelial Cells ca n't the! Cyst that appears in the lungs fails to oppose infections in Cystic fibrosis child ethical open access license gets. Passages in the pancreas it but still keep the logical steps which are then cleared out of the air in! Number 7 chromosomes ( see diagram ) the control of A.M. antimicrobial peptides against drug resistant, Trentini,.! Case study is about Cystic fibrosis is UKs most common life threatening inherited disease [ 1 ] or! Physics Aqa Empa 2018 Paper corgov De an open access license nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: official! Classes and their effects on the CFTR channel protein opens will abbreviate it but still keep the steps. Parts of the genetic code Something went wrong, please try again later page to try sample. Chromosomes ( see diagram ) a Renewed Approach to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, C. ;,. How DNA can be amplified using the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) the mechanism of and... This page to try the sample materials before you buy, and hard to.! Against drug resistant, Trentini, M.M chloride passes across cell membranes concentration gradient and the CFTR channel protein.! Cells, Cystic fibrosis is abortion of a Cystic fibrosis is abortion a. Alternative and experimental therapies of then cleared out of the genetic screening genetic!

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